During laparoscopy, the surgeon views the abdomen or pelvis through a small instrument connected to a camera: the laparoscope. Images appear on a screen, while instruments needed for the procedure can enter through other small incisions.
To improve the view of the organs, a gas, usually carbon dioxide, is introduced into the abdomen to create more space temporarily. The camera shows the operating field; the other instruments allow the surgeon to perform the planned procedure.
Laparoscopy can help investigate a problem or treat it, for example by removing the gallbladder. It describes a way of gaining access and working, rather than one particular operation. Small incisions do not mean no risks: benefits and risks also depend on the procedure and the individual.